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Mac OS X Mountain Lion 10.8.5 Review

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Apple has now released the Mac OS X 10.8.5 Mountain Lion release after a long beta period. This version tends to be more secure and even more efficient than the previous versions of Mac OS. Comes up with a sleeker and very friendly user interface to handle all the problems with a comfortable environment. You will find every feature you need in this release. There are numerous fixes and improvements in this release so to make it a stable operating system. Wifi performance is also greatly enhanced for 802.11ac for AFP file transfer.

Screen Saver fixes are also made as well as Mail issues have also been addressed in this release. Moreover, Xsan reliability, transfer of huge files over the ethernet, Open Directory Server authentication, and many other improvements are also there so the system can deliver better performance within the network. Security vulnerabilities are also fixed which were discovered in Apache, Certificate Trust Policy, Bind, ClamAV, ImageIO, CoreGraphics, Installer, Kernel, IPSec, Mobile Device Management, PHP, PostgreSQL, OpenSSL, Power Management, Screen Lock, QuickTime, and sudo. On concluding notes, Mac OS X Mountain Lion 10.8.5 is the stable and best operating system.

Features of Mac OS X Mountain Lion 10.8.5

• Stable operating system for your Apple device
• Various security enhancements and issues fixes
• Better performance of MacBook Air
• fixes for Smart Card and screen saver issues
• AFP file transfer performance over 802.11
• Sending huge data over the ethernet

Technical Details of Mac OS X Mountain Lion 10.8.5

• File Name: Mac_OS_X_Mountain_Lion_10.8.5.dmg
• File Size: 4.2 GB
• Developer: Apple

System Requirements for Mac OS X Mountain Lion 10.8.5

• 2 GB of RAM
• 8 GB free HDD
• Multi-Core Intel Processor

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Gatekeeper is a security feature of the macOSoperating system by Apple.^[1][2] It enforces code signing and verifies downloaded applications before allowing them to run, thereby reducing the likelihood of inadvertently executing malware. Gatekeeper builds upon File Quarantine, which was introduced in Mac OS X Leopard and expanded in Mac OS X Snow Leopard.^[3][4] The feature originated in version 10.7.3 of Mac OS X Lion as the command-line utilityspctl.^[5][6] A graphical user interface was added in OS X Mountain Lion and later also in version 10.7.5 of Lion.^[7]

• 1Functions

Functions[edit]

Configuration[edit]

In the security & privacy panel of System Preferences, the user has three options:

Mac App Store

Allows only applications downloaded from the Mac App Store to be launched.

Mac App Store and identified developers

Allows applications downloaded from the Mac App Store and applications signed by certified Apple developers to be launched. This is the default setting since Mountain Lion.

Anywhere

Allows all applications to be launched. This effectively turns Gatekeeper off. This is the default setting in Lion. Since macOS Sierra, this option is hidden by default.^[8][9]

The command-line utility spctl provides granular controls, such as custom rules and individual or blanket permissions, as well as an option to turn Gatekeeper off.^[6]

Quarantine[edit]

Upon download of an application, a particular extended file attribute ('quarantine flag') can be added to the downloaded file.^[10] This attribute is added by the application that downloads the file, such as a web browser or email client, but is not added by torrent downloaders, such as Transmission (BitTorrent client), nor Bit Torrent. This behavior is disabled by default for third-party applications and developers need to opt into it. The system can also force this behavior upon individual applications using a signature-based system named Xprotect.^[11]

Execution[edit]

When the user attempts to open an application with such an attribute, the system will postpone the execution and verify whether it is:

In these type of situations, it becomes must to have motion detectors on our smartphone.Here in the list below, we’ve reviewed some best free motion detector apps that comes with great motion detecting feature and uses your device camera to either capture the photo or to. Motion detection app for microsoft computer. We might be engaged in some work all senses involved in the same and during this inattentive behavior intruders often tend to either steal the phone or perform any other unwanted activity that can be harmful.

• blacklisted,
• code-signed by Apple or a certified developer,
• the code-signed contents still match the signature.

Since Mac OS X Snow Leopard, the system keeps two blacklists to identify known malware or insecure software. The blacklists are updated periodically. If the application is blacklisted, then File Quarantine will refuse to open it and recommend to the user to move it to trash.^[11][12]

Gatekeeper will refuse to open the application if the code-signing requirements are not met. Apple can revoke the developer's certificate with which the application was signed and prevent further distribution.^[1][3]

Once an application has passed File Quarantine or Gatekeeper, it will be allowed to run normally and will not be verified again.^[1][3]

Override[edit]

To override Gatekeeper, the user (acting as an administrator) either has to switch to a more lenient policy from the security & privacy panel of System Preferences or authorize a manual override for a particular application, either by opening the application from the context menu or by adding it with spctl.^[1]

Path randomization[edit]

Developers can sign disk images that can be verified as a unit by the system. In macOS Sierra, this allows developers to guarantee the integrity of all bundled files and prevent attackers from infecting and subsequently redistributing them. In addition, 'path randomization' executes application bundles from a random, hidden path and prevents them from accessing external files relative to their location. This feature is turned off if the application bundle originated from a signed installer package or disk image or if the user manually moved the application without any other files to another directory.^[8]

Implications[edit]

The effectiveness and rationale of Gatekeeper in combating malware have been acknowledged,^[3] but been met with reservations. Security researcher Chris Miller noted that Gatekeeper will verify the developer certificate and consult the known-malware list only when the application is first opened. Malware that already passed Gatekeeper will not be stopped.^[13] In addition, Gatekeeper will only verify applications that have the quarantine flag. As this flag is added by other applications and not by the system, any neglect or failure to do so does not trigger Gatekeeper. According to security blogger Thomas Reed, BitTorrent clients are frequent offenders of this. The flag is also not added if the application came from a different source, like network shares and USB flash drives.^[10][13] Questions have also been raised about the registration process to acquire a developer certificate and the prospect of certificate theft.^[14]

In September 2015, security researcher Patrick Wardle wrote about another shortcoming that concerns applications that are distributed with external files, such as libraries or even HTML files that can contain JavaScript.^[8] An attacker can manipulate those files and through them exploit a vulnerability in the signed application. The application and its external files can then be redistributed, while leaving the original signature of the application bundle itself intact. As Gatekeeper does not verify such individual files, the security can be compromised.^[15] With path randomization and signed disk images, Apple provided mechanisms to mitigate this issue in macOS Sierra.^[8]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abcd'OS X: About Gatekeeper'. Apple. February 13, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2015.
2. ^Siegler, MG (February 16, 2012). 'Surprise! OS X Mountain Lion Roars Into Existence (For Developers Today, Everyone This Summer)'. TechCrunch. AOL Inc. Retrieved March 3, 2012.
3. ^ ^abcdSiracusa, John (July 25, 2012). 'OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion: the Ars Technica review'. Ars Technica. pp. 14–15. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
4. ^Reed, Thomas (April 25, 2014). 'Mac Malware Guide : How does Mac OS X protect me?'. The Safe Mac. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
5. ^Ullrich, Johannes (February 22, 2012). 'How to test OS X Mountain Lion's Gatekeeper in Lion'. Internet Storm Center. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
6. ^ ^ab'spctl(8)'. Mac Developer Library. Apple. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
7. ^'About the OS X Lion v10.7.5 Update'. Apple. February 13, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2015.
8. ^ ^abcd'What's New in Security'. Apple Developer (Video). June 15, 2016. At 21:45. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
9. ^Cunningham, Andrew (June 15, 2016). 'Some nerdy changes in macOS and iOS 10: RAW shooting, a harsher Gatekeeper, more'. Ars Technica UK. Archived from the original on June 16, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
10. ^ ^abReed, Thomas (October 6, 2015). 'Bypassing Apple's Gatekeeper'. Malwarebytes Labs. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
11. ^ ^abMoren, Dan (August 26, 2009). 'Inside Snow Leopard's hidden malware protection'. Macworld. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
12. ^'About the 'Are you sure you want to open it?' alert (File Quarantine / Known Malware Detection) in OS X'. Apple Support. March 22, 2016. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
13. ^ ^abForesman, Chris (February 17, 2012). 'Mac developers: Gatekeeper is a concern, but still gives power users control'. Ars Technica. Retrieved June 18, 2015.
14. ^Chatterjee, Surojit (February 21, 2012). 'OS X Mountain Lion Gatekeeper: Can it Really Keep Malware Out?'. International Business Times. Retrieved March 3, 2012.
15. ^Goodin, Dan. 'Drop-dead simple exploit completely bypasses Mac's malware Gatekeeper'. Ars Technica. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2016.